REVIEW ON OVARIAN CYSTS IN DAIRY CATTLE, ITS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to examine ovarian cysts in dairy cattle, as well as their treatment and prevention options. Cysts are simply fluid-filled sacs surrounded by membranes, similar to grapes, and are most commonly seen in dairy cows in the first two months after calving. The development of large, persistent ovulatory follicles in the ovaries and the failure of a mature follicle to ovulate at the right period throughout the estrous cycle describe Ovarian Cysts (OC). The most common types of ovarian cysts in dairy cows are follicular cysts, luteinized cysts, and cystic corpora lutea. Ovarian cysts are usually connected with heredity, high milk production, age, lactation period, body condition score, seasonality, and phytoestrogens, yet the specific causes are unknown. Ovarian Cysts (OC) in dairy cows are diagnosed using a combination of history and clinical signs, transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, and plasma or milk progesterone assays. The main treatments for Cystic Ovarian Disease in dairy cows are Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG), and Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2). The economic losses of ovarian cysts are produced by an increase in the number of days open, an increase in the culling rate due to infertility, high treatment expenses, and a longer calving interval. Cystic ovarian disease is prevented through careful genetic selection, the elimination of bulls whose sire daughters have had cystic ovarian disease, and an appropriate diet.
Keywords
Ovarian Cysts, Dairy Cow, , Prevention and TreatmentHow to Cite
References
• Abe H, Yamashita S, Itoh T, Satoh T, Hoshi H .2002.Accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in bovine embryos and cryotolerance of embryos developed in different culture systems using serum-free or serum-containing media. Mol Reprod Dev 61(1): 57-66.
• Abe H, Yamashita S, Itoh T, Satoh T, Hoshi H.1999.Ultrastructure of bovine embryos a developed from in vitro matured and fertilized oocytes: Comparative morphological evaluation of embryos cultured either in serum-free medium or serum-supplemented medium. Mol Reprod Dev(53):325-335.
• Amweg, A.N., Salvetti, N.R., Stangaferro, M.L., Paredes, A.H., Lara, H.H., Rodríguez, F.M. and Ortega, H.H.2013.Ovarian localization of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD): effects of ACTH stimulation and its relationship with bovine cystic ovarian disease. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol., 45(3): 126-140.
• Bartolome J. A., Thatcher W. W., Melendez P., Risco C. A., Archbald L. F. 2005. Strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 227: 1409–1414.
• Bartolome, J., W. Thatcher, P. Melendez, C. Risco and L. Archbald,.2005. Strategies for diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle. J. Am Vet. Med. Assoc., 277: 1409-1414.
• Boryczko Z, Bostedt H, and Hoffman B. Comparison of the hormonal and chemical composition of the fluid from bovine ovarian follicles and cysts. Reprod Domest Anim 1995; 30 (1): 36-8.
• Braw-Tal R, S Pen, Z Roth. 2009. Ovarian cysts in high-yielding dairy cows. Eriogenology 72, 690-698
• Brito, L. and W. Palme, 2004. Cystic Ovarian Disease in Cattle. Large Animal Veterinary Rounds, 4: 1-6.
• Butler, W., 2003. Energy balance relationships with follicular development, ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Livest Prod Sci., 83: 211-218.
• Canfield RW, Butler WR.1990. Energy balance and pulsatile LH secretion in early postpartum dairy cattle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 7(3): 323-330.
• Cattaneo L., Signorini M. L., Bertoli J., Bartolomé J. A., Gareis N. C., Díaz P. U., Bó G. A., Ortega H. H. 2014. Epidemiological description of cystic ovarian disease in argentine dairy herds: risk factors and effects on the reproductive performance of lactating cows. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 49: 1028–1033
• Cattaneo, L., Signorini, M., Bertoli, J., Bartolomé, J., Gareis, N., Díaz, P., Bó, G. and Ortega, H. .2014. Epidemiological description of cystic ovarian disease in argentine dairy herds: Risk factors and effects on the reproductive performance of lactating cows. Reprod. Domest. Anim., 49(6): 1028-1033
• Cook DL, Parfet JR, Smith CA, Moss GE, Youngquist RS.1991. Secretory patterns of LH and FSH during developmennt and hypothalamic and hypophysial characteristics following development of steroid induced ovarian follicular
• Crane M.B., Bartolome J., Melandez P., de Vries A., Risco C., Archbald L.F.2006.Comparison of synchronization of ovulation with timed insemination and exogenous progesterone as therapeutic strategies for ovarian cysts in lactating dairy cows.Theriogenology, 65, 1563–1574.
• Day N .1991.The diagnosis, differentiation and pathogenesis of cystic ovarian disease. Vet Med 86(7): 735-760.
• De Rensis, F., López-Gatius, F., García-Ispierto, I. and Techakumpu, M.2010. Clinical use of human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows: an update. Theriogenology, 73(8): 1001-1008.
• Dobson, H. & Nanda, A.S. 1992. Reliability of cysts diagnosis and effect of energy status on LH released by estradiol or GnRH in cows with ovarian cysts. Theriogenology. 37, 465-472.
• Eddy, R.G. 1977.Cloprostenol as a treatment for nonvisible oestrus and cystic disease in dairy cows. Veterinary Record. 100, 62-65.
• El-Tahawy A.S., Fahmy M.M.2011.Partial budgeting assessment of the treatment of pyometra, follicular cysts and ovarian inactivity causing postpartum anoestrus in dairy cattle. Res Vet Sci (90), 44–50
• Fourichon, C., Seegers, H. and Malher, X. 2000.Effect of disease on reproduction in the dairy cow: A meta-analysis. Theriogenology, 53(9): 1729-1759.
• Garverick H.A. 1997.Ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1997, 80, 995-1004
• Geoffrey, H., 2001. Veterinary reproduction and obstetrics. 8 ed. England, pp: 430-442.
• Gossen, N. and M. Hoed, 2006. Reproductive performance of dairy cows with relation to time of ovarian cyst formation. Bull Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 50: 159-160.
• Grado-Ahuir J.A., Aad P.Y., Spicer L.J.2011.New insights into the pathogenesis of cystic follicles in cattle: microarray analysis of gene expression in granulosa cells. J Anim Sci, 89, 1769–1786
• Grohn Y.T., Eicker S.W., Ducrocq V., Hertl J.A.1997. Effect of diseases on the culling of Holstein dairy cows in New York State. J Dairy Sci 1997, 81, 966-978.
• Gundling, N., S. Drews and M. Hoedemaker.2009. Comparison of two different programmes of ovulation synchronization in the treatment of ovarian cysts in dairy cows. Reprod Dom Anim., 50: 893-900.
• Hamilton AA, Garverick HA, Keisler DH.1995. Characterization of ovarian follicular cysts and associated endocrine profiles in dairy cows. Biol Reprod; 53 (4): 890-8.
• Hanzen C., Pieterse M., Szenci O., Drost M.2000.Relative accuracy of the identification of ovarian structures in the cow by ultrasonography and palpation per rectum. Vet J 2000, 159, 161–170
• Hanzen, C., M. Pieterse, O. Scenzi and M. Drost, 2000. Relative accuracy of the identification of ovarian structures in the cow by ultrasonography and palpation per rectum. Vet. J., 159: 161-170.
• Hatler TB, Hayes SH, Laranja da Fonseca LF, Siliva WJ. 2003.Relationship between endogenous progesterone and follicular dynamics in lactating dairy cows with ovarian follicular cysts. Biol Reprod 69(1): 218-223.
• Hernandez-LedemaJJ,GarverickHA, Elmore RG,Brown EM, and Kesler DT.1982.Gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment of dairy cows with ovarian cysts. III. Steroids in ovarian follicular fluid and ovarian cyst fluid. Theriogenology 1982; 17: 697-702.
• Hooijer,G.A., R. B. F.Lubbers, B. J. Ducro, J. A. M. Van Arendonk, L. M. T. E.KaalLansbergen, and T. Van Der Lende. 2001."Genetic Parameters for Cystic Ovarian Disease in Dutch Black and White Dairy Cattle." J. Dairy Sci. 84 (2001): 286-291. Print.
• Jeengar K., Chaudhary V., Kumar A., Raiya S., and Gaur M., Purohit G.N.2014. Ovarian cysts in dairy cows: old and new concepts for definition, diagnosis and therapy. Anim Reprod 2014, 11, 2, 63–73
• Jorritsma R, Jarritsma H, Schukken YH, Wentink GH .2000. Relationships between fatty liver and fertility and some periparturient diseases in commercial Dutch dairy herds. Theriogenology 54(7): 1065-1074.
• Jorritsma R, Wensing T, Kruip TA, Vos PL, Noordhuizen JP .2003. Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance in dairy cows. Vet Res 34(1):11-26.11.
• Kahn W. 1992.Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in female reproduction. Anim Reprod Sci 1992; 28: 1-10.
• Kasari R, Fuller DT, Wideman D, Jaques JT, Slay L, and Lee J. Bovine. 1996. COD and the role norgestomet can play in its treatment. Vet Med; 1 (2): 156-62.
• Kesler, D.J. and H. Garverick, 1982. Ovarian cysts in dairy cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science, 55(5): 1147-1159.
• Laporte HM, Hogeveen H, Schukken YH, and Noordhuizen JPTM. 1994. Cystic ovarian disease in Dutch dairy cattle, I. Incidence, risk-factors and consequences. Livest Prod Sci 1994; 38: 191-7.
• Lopez-Diaz, M.C. and Bosu, W.T.K.1992. A review and an update of cystic ovarian degeneration in ruminants. Theriogenology, 37(6): 1163-1183.
• Mehdi Y, Dufrasne .2016. Selenium in Cattle: A Review. Molecules 21(4): 545. 20.
• Mollo A., Stradaioli G., Gloria A., Cairoli F. 2012.Efficacy of different ovarian cysts treatments (GnRH, hCG and PRID) in dairy cows. J Anim Vet Adv, 21, 4058–4063.
• Mollo A., Stradaioli G., Gloria A., Cairoli F.2012. Efficacy of different ovarian cysts treatments (GnRH, hCG and PRID) in dairy cows. J Anim Vet Adv, 21, 4058–4063.
• Nakao, T., Tomita, M., Kanbayashi, H., Takagi, H., Abe, T., Takeuchi, Y., Ochiai, H., Moriyoshi, M. and Kawata, K. 1992. Comparisons of several dosages of a GnRH analog with the standard dose of hCG in the treatment of follicular cysts in dairy cows. Theriogenology, 38(1): 137-145.
• Ortega H. H., Marelli B. E., Rey F., Amweg A. N., Díaz P. U., Stangaferro M. L., Salvetti N. R. 2015. Molecular aspects of bovine cystic ovarian disease pathogenesis. Reproduction 149: R251–R264. doi: 10.1530/REP-14-0618
• Parmar SC, Parmar CP, Patel JA .2016.Use of PGF2α in ovarian and uterin pathological conditions of bovine : a therapeutic approach. Explor Anim Med Res 6(2): 132-141
• Peter A.T.: An update on cystic ovarian degeneration in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2004, 39, 1–7.
• Peter AT. 2004. An update on cystic ovarian degeneration in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 39,1-7.
• Peter, A. T., H. Levine, M. Drost, and D. R. Bergfelt. 2009."Compilation of Classical and Contemporary Terminology Used to Describe Morphological Aspects of Ovarian Dynamics in Cattle." Theriogenology 71: 1343-1357. Print. Pineda
• Peter, A., 2004. An update on cystic ovarian degeneration in cattle. Reprod Domestic Anim., 39: 1-7.
• Pushp MK, Purohit GN, Kumar S .2016. Serum cortisol in dairy cattle with ovarian cyst and the successful treatment of cyst with GnRH plus potassium iodide. Indian J Anim Reprod 37(2): 48-49.21.
• Rabiee AR, Lean IJ, Gooden JM, Miller BG, Scaramuzzi RJ .1997.An evaluation of trans ovarian uptake of metabolites using arterio-venous difference methods in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 48(1): 9-25. 9.
• Roche JF, Mihm M, and Diskin MG. 1997.Physiology and Practice of Induction and Control of Ooestrus in Cattle. Bov Pract; 31.2: 4-10.
• Santos, J., J. Huber, C. Theurer, C. Nussio, L. Nussio, M. Tarazon and D. Fish .2000. Effects of grain processing and bovine somatotropin on metabolism and ovarian activity of dairy cows during early lactation. Dairy Sci., 83: 1004-1015.
• Sheldon, I.M. and H. Dobson.2004. Postpartum uterine health in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci., 82(83): 29-306.
• Thatcher, W.W., De La Sota, R.L., Schmitt, E.P.-J., Diaz, T.C., Badinga, L., Simmen, F.A., Staples, C.R. & Drost, M. 1997. Control and Management of Ovarian Follicles in Cattle to Optimize Fertility. Reproduction Fertility and Development. 8, 203-217.
• Todoroki, J. and H. Kaneko, 2006. Formation of follicular cysts in cattle and therapeutic effects of controlled internal drug release. J. Reprod Dev., 52: 1-11.
• Vanholder T, G Opsomer, A de Kruif. 2006. Aetiology and pathogenesis of cystic ovarian follicles in dairy cattle: a review. Reprod Nutr .Dev 46, 105-119.
• Wiltbank MC, Gumen A, Sartori R.2002. Physiological classification of ovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenol 57: 21-52
License
Copyright (c) 2022 ABERA FEKATA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Individual articles are published Open Access under the Creative Commons Licence: CC-BY 4.0.
