The factors influencing consumer behavior to visit gastronomy tourism destination
Abstract
Destination image boosts tourist satisfaction and loyalty. Positive emotions predict a better vacation. Studies demonstrate location perception boosts tourist satisfaction. Tourists appreciate places based on their opinions. Tourist behavior is also heavily influenced by happiness. This means that tourist satisfaction and destination perception will encourage repeat visits. Information from many sources may overload modern customers. It involves retrieving information from memory or learning from other sources. Internal and external sources are employed for information search. Internal data includes personal and historical data. External information searches use traditional and digital media, personal referrals, and marketing middlemen. It was thought that knowledgeable buyers would ignore other sources. Tourist decisions are influenced by past experiences and familiarity with a location. When internal sources are scarce, people turn outside. Marketers may help people build a positive destination image and find real social media information by giving positive information. Social media platforms connect customers, providers, and third parties, affecting image creation, according to research. Symbolic signals like gourmet restaurant ads and social stimuli like friends and family recommendations influenced tourists' perceptions and willingness to visit. So, social media can help the place obtain global recognition and become a popular resort. Many companies use social media to build a good dining reputation. They do this by offering appealing trip details and encouraging favorable word-of-mouth. Online resources help tourists choose a destination and customize their vacation. The quality and quantity of information visitors gather during decision-making affects their desire to visit.
Keywords
Factors, Consumer Behavior, Gastronomy, Tourism, DestinationHow to Cite
References
• Abduh, M., & Isma, S. N. Z. (2017). Economic and market predictors of solvency of family Takaful in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 8(3). doi:10.1108/JIABR-06-2015-0030
• Ahmad,S.A.,Almsafir,M.K.,&Siron,R.(2013).UsingArabicwordsinMalaysia Takaful industry and impact on untapped Malay market. Journal of Islamic and Human Advanced Research, 3(10), 740-761. Marketing, 6(S4),21-26.
• Aziz, N. A. B. A., Aziz, N. N. B. A., Aris, Y. B. W., & Aziz, N. A. B. A. (2015).Factors influencing the paddy farmers’ intention to participate in agriculture Takaful. Procedia Economics and Finance, 31, 237-242.
• Ali, A. Y. S., & Jama, A. K. A. (2016). Determinants of Islamic insurance acceptance: Empirical evidence from Somalia. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(15), 102-108.
• Ana, I. C. (2022). Examining Nigerian Immigrant Perceptions Regarding US Government Settlement Support Programs (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
• Achmad, S. H., Wulandari, A., & Marcelino, D. (2022). Social Media Marketing Activity Influences Visit Interest to Indonesian Tourism Destination with Brand Equity as Intervening Variable. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(1), 1311-1337.
• Aljubori, S. (2022). Big Data in Tourism Marketing and its Role in the Efficiency of Tourism and Travel Companies-an Applied Study in Travel and Tourism Companies. TANMIYAT AL-RAFIDAIN, 41(133), 396-419.
• Angell, C., &Potoglou, D. (2022). An insight into the impacts of COVID-19 on work-related travel behaviours in the Cardiff Capital Region and following the UK's first national lockdown. Cities, 124, 103602.
• Alfandi, A. M., & Marco, V. (2022). Electronic Word of Mouth Effects on Middle East Destination Overall Image and Behavioral Intention: An Empirical Study in Jordan. In New Governance and Management in Touristic Destinations (pp. 134-151). IGI Global.
• Briez, M. G., Ezzat, M., & Abd Eljalil, S. G. (2022). Assessing the Influence of Using Online Marketing Tools on Egyptian Domestic Tourism: Online Behavior, Online Purchase Intention and E-Satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 5(1), 137-163.
• Bhatia, A., Roy, B., & Kumar, A. (2022). A review of tourism sustainability in the era of Covid-19. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 1-18.
• Baker, D. M. A. (2022). Caribbean Tourism Development, Sustainability, and Impacts. Contemporary Issues Within Caribbean Economies, 235.
• Bolles, A. L. (2022). Women and Tourist Work in Jamaica: Seven Miles of Sandy Beach. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Bernard, S., Rahman, I., Liu, S., & Nanu, L. (2022). COVID-19 and hospitality services: The role of information sources, believability, fear, and behavioral intentions. Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism, 1(2), 110-127.
• Bui, V., Alaei, A. R., Vu, H. Q., Li, G., & Law, R. (2022). Revisiting tourism destination image: a holistic measurement framework using big data. Journal of Travel Research, 61(6), 1287-1307.
• Berto, A. R., &Murwani, E. (2022). Sociocultural Information Gap in the Dive Tourism Industry: Evidence from Komodo National Park. JurnalIlmuKomunikasi, 20(1), 1-17.
• Benesty,J.,Chen,J.,Huang,Y.,&Cohen,I.(2009).Pearsoncorrelationcoefficient. In Noise reduction in speech processing (pp.1-4). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• Bertram, D. (2009). Likert Scales. Retrieved from http://poincare.matf.bg.ac.rs/~kristina/topic-dane-likert.pdf
• Burns, A. C., & Bush, R. F. (2006). Marketing Research (5th ed., pp575). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Department of Statistics Malaysia, official portal. (2017). Population Quick info. Retrieved from https:/www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column%2Fcone&menu_id=b2 RVUmEyZ2ZZYXhaUzUrdnpsaWozdz09
• Cherry, K. (2013). Reliability- What is reliability? Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/researchmethods/f/reliabilitydef.htm
• Campón-Cerro, A. M., Di-Clemente, E., Hernández-Mogollón, J. M., & Folgado-Fernández, J. A. (2022). Olive oil tourism experiences: Effects on quality of life and behavioural intentions. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13567667221095592.
• Christia, J., & Fine, M. B. (2022). TRAVEL, TOURISM AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE CHILDREN'S MUSEUM OF SOUTH CAROLINA. The Coastal Business Journal, 13(1), 2.
• Chebli, A., Othmani, M. C., & Said, F. B. (2020). Market Segmentation in Urban Tourism: Exploring the Influence of Personal Factors on Tourists' Perception: Chebli, A., Chabou Othmani, M. & Ben Said, F.(2020). Market Segmentation in Urban Tourism: Exploring the Influence of Personal Factors on Tourists' Perception. Journal of Tourism and Services, 20 (11), 74-108. Journal of Tourism and Services, 11(20), 74-108.
• Celebi, D., Pirnar, I., & Eris, E. D. (2020). Bibliometric analysis of social entrepreneurship in gastronomy tourism. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 68(1), 58-67.
• Cakir, M. U., & Özbay, G. (2021). The Role of Brand Image in Gastronomic Destinations: An Analysis on Turkey and Malaysia Website. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 6(1), 40-53.
• Cankül, D., & Altıntaş, E. (2021). Evaluation of Official Websites in Terms of Gastronomy Tourism in the Destination Marketing Process. Co-Editors, 89.
• Cave, J., Dredge, D., van'tHullenaar, C., Waddilove, A. K., Lebski, S., Mathieu, O., ... &Zanet, B. (2022). Regenerative tourism: the challenge of transformational leadership. Journal of Tourism Futures, (ahead-of-print).
• Chen, L., Hu, H., He, X., & Lyu, M. (2022). The Development Path and Data Mining Mode of Rural Tourism under the Background of Big Data. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022.
• Chen, H., Chen, H., & Tian, X. (2022). The dual-process model of product information and habit in influencing consumers’ purchase intention: The role of live streaming features. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 53, 101150.
• Chiu, S. T., & Huang, W. J. (2022). Heritage interpretation from supply and demand perspectives: the case of culinary heritage workshops in Hong Kong. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 1-30.
• Cuesta-Valino, P., Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, P., & García-Henche, B. (2022). Word of mouth and digitalization in small retailers: Tradition, authenticity, and change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 175, 121382.
• Chin, C. H., & Wong, P. M. W. (2022). Exploring the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Tourism Destination Marketing and Revisit Intention: The Extension of Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Model. Studies of Applied Economics, 40(2).
• Cai, Y., Li, G., Liu, C., & Wen, L. (2022). Post-pandemic dark tourism in former epicenters. Tourism economics, 28(1), 175-199.
• Choi, S. H., & Cai, L. (2022). Destination Image Is Not Enough: Proposing Experiential Tourism Image. Tourism Analysis.
• Deb, M. (2021). An empirical investigation on heritage destination positioning and loyalty. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(12), 1735-1748.
• Dewi, B. P., & Nugroho, S. P. (2022, June). Preservation of ‘Jenang’as Gastronomy Tourism in Yogyakarta. In UNCLLE (Undergraduate Conference on Language, Literature, and Culture) (Vol. 2, No. 01, pp. 376-385).
• Durmaz, Y., Çayırağası, F., &Çopuroğlu, F. (2022). The mediating role of destination satisfaction between the perception of gastronomy tourism and consumer behavior during COVID-19. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 28, 100525.
• del Pilar Leal Londoño, M., Georgescu-Paquin, A., & Arcos-Pumarola, J. (2022). Food festivals as builders of the image of a tourist destination. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 1-17.
• Dixit, S. K., & Prayag, G. (2022). Gastronomic tourism experiences and experiential marketing. Tourism Recreation Research, 47(3), 217-220.
• DelboscD'Auzon, H. (2022). Videos promoting food tourism–best practices and examples.
• Echchabi, A., &Ayedh, A. M. (2015). Factors influencing the Yemeni customers' intention to adopt Takaful products. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 17(1), 25-45.
• Echchabi, A., &Echchabi, F. (2013). Islamic insurance in the European countries: Insights from French Muslims perspective. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 10(3), 125-132.
• Fakfare, P., Lee, J. S., & Han, H. (2022). Thailand tourism: a systematic review. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 39(2), 188-214.
• Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of sustainable tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
• Greene, M., Ellsworth-Krebs, K., Volden, J., Fox, E., & Anantharaman, M. (2022). Practic-ing culture: exploring the implications of pre-existing mobility cultures on (post-) pandemic practices in Norway, Ireland, and the United States. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 18(1), 483-499.
• Gupta, K., &Mohta, S. (2022). Future of food tourism in India: a psychographic overview. In Event Tourism in Asian Countries (pp. 171-182). Apple Academic Press.
• García, L. Á. C. (2022). Gastronomic tourism, factors that affect the competitiveness of restaurants in Zacatecas, México. Turismo y patrimonio, (18), 49-65.
• Ge, J., &Gretzel, U. (2022). Social media-based visual strategies in tourism marketing. In Research Anthology on Social Media Advertising and Building Consumer Relationships (pp. 376-395). IGI Global.
• Guell, C., Brown, C. R., Navunicagi, O. W., Iese, V., Badrie, N., Wairiu, M., ... & Unwin, N. (2022). Perspectives on strengthening local food systems in Small Island Developing States. Food security, 1-14.
• Gebreel, O. S. S., & Shuayb, A. (2022). Contribution of Social Media Platforms in Tourism Promotion. International Journal of Social Science, Education, Communication and Economics (SINOMICS JOURNAL), 1(2), 189-198.
• Green, S. B. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis?Multivariate Behavioral Reseach, 26(3), 499-510.
• Goforth, C. (2015). Research Data Services + Sciences. Retrieved from http://data.library.virginia.edu/using-and-interpreting-cronbachs-alpha/
• George,D.,Mallery,P.(2005).SPSSforwindowsstep-by-step:Asimpleguideand reference 11.0 update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn andBacon.
• Hair,J.F.,Celsi,M.W.,Money,A.H.,Samouel,P.,&Page,M.J.(2003).Essential of business research methods. New York: Leyn Publishing.
• Hays, S., Page, S. J., & Buhalis, D. (2018). Social media as a destination marketing tool: its use by national tourism organisations. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(3), 346-357.
• Htay, S. N. N., & Salman, S. A. (2013). Viability of Islamic insurance (Takaful) in India: SWOT analysis Approach. Review of European studies, 5(4), 145- 154.
• Husin,M.M.,&Rahman,A.A.(2014).DoMuslimsintendtoparticipateinIslamic insurance? Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 7(1), 42- 58.
• Husin,M.M.,&Rahman,A.A.(2013).TheroleofbrandintheMalaysianTakaful industry. Sains Humanika, 63(1), 1-6.
• Henderson, J. C. (2018). Food tourism reviewed. British Food Journal, 120(3), 577-590.
• Hall, G. (2015). Person’s correlations coefficient. http://www.hep.ph.ic.ac.uk/~hallg/UG_2015/Pearsons.pdf
• Hassan, T., Carvache-Franco, M., Carvache-Franco, W., &Carvache-Franco, O. (2022). Motivations as predictors of religious tourism: the Muslim pilgrimage to the city of Mecca. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development.
• Hussain, A. (2021). A future of tourism industry: Conscious travel, destination recovery and regenerative tourism. Journal of Sustainability and Resilience, 1(1), 5.
• Hovelsrud, G. K., Veland, S., Kaltenborn, B., Olsen, J., &Dannevig, H. (2021). Sustainable Tourism in Svalbard: Balancing economic growth, sustainability, and environmental governance. Polar Record, 57.
• Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Hasanat, M. W., Arif, I., & Hamid, A. B. A. (2020). The effect of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the tourism industry in China. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 52-58.
• Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020). Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 610-623.
• Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2020). The “war over tourism”: challenges to sustainable tourism in the tourism academy after COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(4), 551-569.
• Hakim, M. A. A., Suryantoro, A., & Rahardjo, M. (2021). Analysis of the Influence of Tourism Growth on Economic Growth and Human Development Index in West Java Province 2012-2018. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol, 4(1), 160-169.
• Hsu, F. C., Liu, J., & Lin, H. (2022). Affective components of gastronomy tourism: measurement scale development and validation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, (ahead-of-print).
• Huy, L. V., Phan, Q. P. T., Phan, H. L., Pham, N. T., & Nguyen, N. (2022). Improving tourists’ green electronic word-of-mouth: a mediation and moderation analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 27(5), 547-561.
• Hunter, W. C. (2022). Semiotic fieldwork on chaordic tourism destination image management in Seoul during COVID-19. Tourism Management, 93, 104565.
• Han, H. (2021). Consumer behavior and environmental sustainability in tourism and hospitality: A review of theories, concepts, and latest research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(7), 1021-1042.
• Islamovna, U. Z. (2021). The Role of the Tourist and Recreation Complex in the Strategy of Development of the Tourist Industry of Uzbekistan. Academic Journal of Digital Economics and Stability, 6, 119-132.
• He, Q. (2022). Rethinking the legal regulation of Internet platform monopoly in China. Policy & Internet.
• Ivanova, M., Ivanov, I. K., & Ivanov, S. (2021). Travel behaviour after the pandemic: the case of Bulgaria. Anatolia, 32(1), 1-11.
• Indra, F., Juliana, J., Hubner, I., &Sitorus, N. B. (2022). Development Of Gastronomic Tourism Potential In Pontianak West Kalimantan. Journal of Information Systems and Management (JISMA), 1(5), 28-42.
• Idris, N. H., Salleh, N. A., Ahmad, N., Ismail, S., & Yazid, Z. A. (2014). Determinants of intention to use Islamic banking products among Malay Muslims: A case study in Johor Baharu. 2nd World Conference on Islamic Thought & Civilization (pp. 606-615).
• Index Mundi. (2017). Malaysia Religion. Retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/religions.html
• Jalil, M. A. & Rahman, M.K. (2014). The impact of Islamic branding onconsumer preference towards Islamic banking services: An empirical investigation in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 2(1),209-229.
• Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.
• Kelley, T. L. (1942) “The reliability coefficient”. Psychometrika, 7(2), pp.75-83. doi:10.1007/BF02288068
• Janiszewska, D., Ossowska, L., Kurdyś-Kujawska, A., & Kwiatkowski, G. (2022). Relational food festivals: Building space for multidimensional collaboration among food producers. In Planning and Managing Sustainability in Tourism (pp. 79-93). Springer, Cham.
• Jamaluddin, M. R., & Ghani, W. S. W. A. (2022). Special Events and Destination Marketing Strategies in Emerging Economies in Asia. In Marketing Tourist Destinations in Emerging Economies (pp. 47-67). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
• Jose, A., Rejikumar, G., Asokan Ajitha, A., Mathew, S., & Chakraborty, U. (2022). Destination image and perceived meaningfulness for visitor loyalty: A strategic positioning of Indian destinations. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-20.
• Jeng, C. R. (2019). The role of trust in explaining tourists’ behavioral intention to use e-booking services in Taiwan. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(4), 478-489.
• Kattiyapornpong, U., Ditta-Apichai, M., &Chuntamara, C. (2022). Exploring gastronomic tourism experiences through online platforms: evidence from Thai local communities. Tourism Recreation Research, 47(3), 241-257.
• Kerdpitak, C. (2022). Marketing EffectivenessModel of Tourism Business in Thailand. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 49(4).
• Kim, W., & Park, S. (2018). Social media and destination branding: Consumer-generated videos versus destination marketer-generated videos. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 24(3), 283-295.
• Kaur, S., & Kaur, M. (2022). Image of Local Cuisine in Emerging Gastronomic Destinations: Scale Review, Development, and Validation. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1-49.
• Kokkranikal, J., & Carabelli, E. (2021). Gastronomy tourism experiences: the cooking classes of Cinque Terre. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-12.
• Keni, K., Dharmawan, P., &Sihombing, S. O. (2022, May). Looking Forward to Travel Abroad Again: An Empirical Study of People Intention to Travel in the Pandemic Covid-19 Era. In Tenth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management 2021 (ICEBM 2021) (pp. 127-134). Atlantis Press.
• Khadijah, U. L. S., Novianti, E., & Anwar, R. (2022). Social Media In The Marketing Of Religious Tourism: The Case Of Umrah And Hajj Services. Sosiohumaniora, 24(1).
• Kaurav, R. P. S., & Gursoy, D. (2022). Introduction to the Handbook on Tourism and Social Media. In Handbook on Tourism and Social Media. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Kovačić, S., Jovanović, T., Vujičić, M. D., Morrison, A. M., & Kennell, J. (2022). What shapes activity preferences? The role of tourist personality, destination personality and destination image: evidence from Serbia. Sustainability, 14(3), 1803.
• Krishna, G. (2021). Understanding and identifying barriers to electric vehicle adoption through thematic analysis. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 10, 100364.
• Koustoulidou, S., Hoorens, M. W., Dalm, S. U., Mahajan, S., Debets, R., Seimbille, Y., & de Jong, M. (2021). Cancer-associated fibroblasts as players in cancer development and progression and their role in targeted radionuclide imaging and therapy. Cancers, 13(5), 1100.
• Lund, A. L., (2013). Cronbach‟s alpha (α) using SPSS. Retrieved from https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/cronbachs-alpha-using-spss- statistics.php
• Lehmann, E. (2011). Fisher, Neyman, and the creation of classical statistics. New York: Springer.
• Mansor, K. A., Masduki, R. M. N., Mohamad, M., Zulkarnain, N., & Aziz, N. A. (2015). A study on factors influencing Muslim’s consumers preferences towards Takaful products in Malaysia. Romanian Statistical Review, 63(2), 78-89.
• Li, J., & Cao, B. (2022). Study on Tourism Consumer Behavior and Countermeasures Based on Big Data. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022.
• Loureiro, S. M. C., Guerreiro, J., & Han, H. (2022). Past, present, and future of pro-environmental behavior in tourism and hospitality: A text-mining approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(1), 258-278.
• Liu, C. H., Horng, J. S., Chou, S. F., Yu, T. Y., Huang, Y. C., & Lin, J. Y. (2022). Integrating big data and marketing concepts into tourism, hospitality operations and strategy development. Quality & Quantity, 1-18.
• Liang, F., Mu, L., Wang, D., & Kim, B. S. (2022). A new model path for the development of smart leisure sports tourism industry based on 5G technology. IET Communications, 16(5), 485-496.
• Luo, N., Olsen, T., Ganguly, S., & Liu, Y. (2022). Food supply chain waste reduction for a circular economy in the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study of New Zealand consumers. The International Journal of Logistics Management, (ahead-of-print).
• Liang, S. H., & Lai, I. K. W. (2022). Tea tourism: Designation of origin brand image, destination image, and visit intention. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13567667221099952.
• Lama, S., Pradhan, S., & Shrestha, A. (2019). An e-tourism adoption model & its implications for tourism industry in Nepal. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2019 (pp. 291-303). Springer, Cham.
• Mattson, M. (2022). Economic Impacts of Protected Area Tourism on Local Communities in Nepal.
• Madubuike, S. C. (2020). COVID-19 effect on travel behaviour among Vantaa residents.
• Meo, M. S., Kanwal, S., Ali, S., Karim, M. Z. A., & Kamboh, A. Z. (2022). The future and challenges of applying innovative technologies in the tourism and hospitality industry in Asia. In Handbook of Technology Application in Tourism in Asia (pp. 1287-1298). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
• Moon, H., & Chan, H. (2022). Millennials’ staycation experience during the COVID-19 era: mixture of fantasy and reality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, (ahead-of-print).
• Madanaguli, A., Srivastava, S., Ferraris, A., & Dhir, A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and sustainability in the tourism sector: A systematic literature review and future outlook. Sustainable Development, 30(3), 447-461.
• Moral-Cuadra, S., Solano-Sánchez, M. Á., Menor-Campos, A., & López-Guzmán, T. (2022). Discovering gastronomic tourists’ profiles through artificial neural networks: analysis, opinions and attitudes. Tourism Recreation Research, 47(3), 347-358.
• Massidda, C., Piras, R., & Seetaram, N. (2022). Analysing the drivers of itemised tourism expenditure from the UK using survey data. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 3(1), 100037.
• Mariani, M., &Okumus, B. (2022). Guest editorialFeatures, drivers, and outcomes of food tourism. British Food Journal.
• Mohammad, M. F., Rahman, N. A. A., & Mayor-Vitoria, F. (2022). Semantic-Based Technology in Shaping the Strategy of Tourism in Malaysia. In Handbook of Technology Application in Tourism in Asia (pp. 181-201). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
• Marta, B., Melnyk, I., & Baran, R. (2021). Factors of digitalization of the marketing activity of tourist enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of global digitalization. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 7(3), 29-36.
• Mooney, S., & Gewinner, I. (2022). Gender in Marketing. In Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Matiza, T., & Slabbert, E. (2021). Tourism is too dangerous! Perceived risk and the subjective safety of tourism activity in the era of COVID-19. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 36, 580-588.
• Martins, M. R., da Costa, R. A., & Moreira, A. C. (2022). Backpackers' space–time behavior in an urban destination: The impact of travel information sources. International Journal of Tourism Research.
• Majeed, S., & Ramkissoon, H. (2022). Social media and tourists behaviors: post-COVID-19. In Handbook on Tourism and Social Media. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Meenakshy, M., & Srivastava, M. (2022). An insight into the drivers of electronic word of mouth in tourism. International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management, 9(1-2), 144-164.
• Merkl, P. H. (2019). Conclusion: a new lease on life for the radical right?. In Encounters with the Contemporary Radical Right (pp. 204-227). Routledge.
• Marshall, G & Jonker, L. (2011). An introduction to inferential statistics: A review and practical guide. Radiography, 17(1). doi:DOI/10.1016/j.radi.2009.12.006
• Nguyen, C. P., Thanh, S. D., & Nguyen, B. (2022). Economic uncertainty and tourism consumption. Tourism Economics, 28(4), 920-941.
• Nam, K. (2022). Conversion paths of online consumers: A sequential pattern mining approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 202, 117253.
• Nair, B. B. (2021). Gastrodiplomacy in Tourism:‘Capturing Hearts and Minds through Stomachs’. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems, 14(1), 30-40.
• Nadeau, J., Wardley, L. J., & Rajabi, E. (2022). Tourism destination image resiliency during a pandemic as portrayed through emotions on Twitter. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(1), 60-70.
• Ningsih, C., Turgarini, D., &Nurussahar, H. (2022). Tourism attraction of Saung Ciburial as a potential gastronomic tourist village. In Current Issues in Tourism, Gastronomy, and Tourist Destination Research (pp. 414-418). Routledge.
• Nugraha, A. K. N. A., Hamin, H., & Elliott, G. (2022). The role and impact of risk reduction in leisure tourism. Annals of Leisure Research, 25(2), 179-202.
• Osman, S. (2022). Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Malaysia. In Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia (pp. 301-311). Springer, Singapore.
• Önder, I., & Gunter, U. (2022). Blockchain: Is it the future for the tourism and hospitality industry?. Tourism Economics, 28(2), 291-299.
• Oxenford, H. A., Cox, S. A., van Tussenbroek, B. I., & Desrochers, A. (2021). Challenges of turning the Sargassum crisis into gold: current constraints and implications for the Caribbean. Phycology, 1(1), 27-48.
• Oshriyeh, O., Ghaffari, M., &Nematpour, M. (2022). Lines in the sand: the perceived risks of traveling to a destination and its influence on tourist information seeking behavior. International Journal of Tourism Cities.
• Peck, R., Olsen, C., & Devore, J. L (2011). Introduction to statistics and data analysis. Wadswoth, USA: Cengage Learning.
• Park, H. M. (2008). Univariate analysis and normality test using SAS, Stata, and SPSS. Working Paper. The University Information Technology Service (UITS) Center for Statistical and Mathematical Computing, Indiana University.
• Passafaro, P. (2020). Attitudes and tourists’ sustainable behavior: An overview of the literature and discussion of some theoretical and methodological issues. Journal of Travel Research, 59(4), 579-601.
• Prasongthan, S., &Silpsrikul, R. (2022). The structural equation model of behavioural intentions toward gastronomy tourism in Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 43(2), 425-432.
• Perelygina, M., Kucukusta, D., & Law, R. (2022). Digital business model configurations in the travel industry. Tourism Management, 88, 104408.
• Pavlidis, G., &Markantonatou, S. (2020). Gastronomic tourism in Greece and beyond: A thorough review. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 21, 100229.
• Payandeh, E., Allahyari, M. S., Fontefrancesco, M. F., &Surujlale, J. (2022). Good vs. fair and clean: An analysis of slow food principles toward gastronomy tourism in Northern Iran. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 20(1), 51-70.
• Penagos-Londoño, G. I., Rodriguez–Sanchez, C., Ruiz-Moreno, F., & Torres, E. (2021). A machine learning approach to segmentation of tourists based on perceived destination sustainability and trustworthiness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100532.
• Panas, G., Thrasidi, N., Halkiopoulos, C., &Gkintoni, E. (2022). Consumer Behavior and Cognitive Factors in Relation to Gastronomic Tourism and Destination Marketing in Greece. In Transcending Borders in Tourism Through Innovation and Cultural Heritage (pp. 655-677). Springer, Cham.
• Park, K., Esfahani, H. N., Novack, V. L., Sheen, J., Hadayeghi, H., Song, Z., & Christensen, K. (2022). Impacts of disability on daily travel behaviour: A systematic review. Transport Reviews, 1-26.
• Popović, M. (2022). USAGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING IN TOURISM. Turističkoposlovanje, (29), 5-13.
• Pereira, V., Gupta, J. J., & Hussain, S. (2022). Impact of travel motivation on tourist’s attitude toward destination: Evidence of mediating effect of destination image. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(5), 946-971.
• Rouse, M. (2016). Data collection. Retrieved from http://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/data-collection
• Rahman, M. K., Hossain, M. M., Akter, S., & Hassan, A. (2022). Technology Innovation and Social Media as a Global Platform for Tourism Events. In Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia (pp. 121-132). Springer, Singapore.
• Roy, N., &Gretzel, U. (2022). Marketing Gastronomic Tourism Experiences as Luxury. In The Emerald Handbook of Luxury Management for Hospitality and Tourism. Emerald Publishing Limited.
• Rueda-Uribe, C., Lötberg, U., & Åkesson, S. (2022). Foraging on the wing for fish while migrating over changing landscapes: traveling behaviors vary with available aquatic habitat for Caspian terns. Movement ecology, 10(1), 1-15.
• Razak, R. A., & Mansor, N. A. (2022). Instagram influencers in social media-induced tourism: Rethinking tourist trust towards tourism destination. In Research Anthology on Social Media Advertising and Building Consumer Relationships (pp. 1437-1446). IGI Global.
• Rao, X., Qiu, H., Morrison, A. M., Wei, W., & Zhang, X. (2022). Predicting private and public pro-environmental behaviors in rural tourism contexts using SEM and fsQCA: the role of destination image and relationship quality. Land, 11(3), 448.
• Rittichainuwat, B., Laws, E., Maunchontham, R., Rattanaphinanchai, S., Muttamara, S., Mouton, K., ... & Suksai, C. (2020). Resilience to crises of Thai MICE stakeholders: a longitudinal study of the destination image of Thailand as a MICE destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 35, 100704.
• Suanpang, P., Jainan, A., Thanyakit, S., Chuamsompong, B., &Boonrattanakittibhumi, C. (2022). DECODING THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IN FOOD CULTURAL IDENTITY IN UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE FOR LOCAL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT TO SUPPORT GASTRONOMY TOURISM. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2760-2774.
• Štrba, Ľ., Kolačkovská, J., Kršák, B., Sidor, C., &Lukáč, M. (2022). Perception of the Impacts of Tourism by the Administrations of Protected Areas and Sustainable Tourism (Un) Development in Slovakia. Sustainability, 14(11), 6696.
• Stridell, R. (2022). Is it out of our hands?: A case study of sustainability interpretations and implementations regarding Tiveden National Park.
• Stone, M. J. (2022). Culinary Tourism. In Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Stone, M. J., Migacz, S., & Wolf, E. (2022). Learning through culinary tourism and developing a culinary tourism education strategy. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(1-2), 177-195.
• Sutheeshna, B. S. (2021). Tourism, urbanization and spatial reorganization: some reflections on tourism development in Goa, India. In Reflections on 21st Century Human Habitats in India (pp. 219-242). Springer, Singapore.
• Seyedabolghasemi, M. A., Kilic, H., Avci, T., Eluwole, K. K., & Lasisi, T. T. (2022). Residents’ perceptions of sustainable tourism destination recovery: The case of Northern Cyprus. Land, 11(1), 94.
• Schnepel, E. M. (2021). Cocoanomics and Development: Martinique and St. Lucia, cases in contrast. Créoles: enjeuxéducatifs et culturels, 225.
• Sailm, S. H. (2022). Big Data in Tourism Marketing and its Role in the Efficiency of Tourism and Travel Companies-an Applied Study in Travel and Tourism Companies. TANMIAT AL-RAFIDAIN, 41(133).
• Syahputra, S., Fakhri, M., Putri, C. A., & PRADANA, M. (2022). The Role of Loyalty and Satisfaction’s Effect on Word-of-Mouth Influence in Indonesian B2B Environment.
• Shi, S. (2022). Social media relationship marketing for tourism: key antecedents and outcomes. In Handbook on Tourism and Social Media (pp. 173-187). Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Song, H. (2022). Linking images to information sources: An examination of potential Chinese tourists’ multi-sensory images of the United Kingdom. Journal of China Tourism Research, 1-15.
• Sun, S., Law, R., &Luk, C. (2022). Tourists’ travel-related information search channels. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 23(2), 149-164.
• Sano, K., & Romão, J. (2022). Exploring how travel blogs influence Chinese tourists to visit Japan: a netnographic study of Chinese tourists travel blogs. In Handbook on Tourism and Social Media (pp. 301-321). Edward Elgar Publishing.
• Stylidis, D. (2022). Exploring resident–tourist interaction and its impact on tourists’ destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 61(1), 186-201.
• Sharma, P., & Nayak, J. K. (2019). Understanding memorable tourism experiences as the determinants of tourists' behaviour. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(4), 504-518.
• Smith, S., & Xiao, H. (2018). Culinary tourism supply chains: A preliminary examination. Journal of Travel Research, 57(6), 784-797.
• Srivastava, D., Dwivedi, P. K., Tripathi, V., & Singh, A. (2022). Measuring the Impact of Environmental Knowledge towards Intention to Buying Organic Food Products in Tier-II Cities of India. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 9908-9918.
• Statcan.gc.ca. (2013). Data processing. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power-pouvoir/ch3/5214783-eng.htm#tphp
• Sekaran, U. (2003). Research method for business: A skill building approach (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Salman, S. A., & Htay, S. N. N. (2014). Potential push-pull factors to introduce Takaful(IslamicInsurance)asanewproductinIndia:Preliminaryoverview. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 8(20), 2121-2125.
• Salleh, M. C. M., Abdullah, N. I., Razali, S. S. (2013). The relationship of Takaful agents’ Islamic ethical behaviour towards customers’ satisfaction, trust and commitment: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Islamic Finance and Business Research, 2(1), 77-88.
• Soualhi, Y., & Al Shammari, A. A. R. (2015). Indicators of Takaful Awareness among Kuwaitis. Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 3(2), 75-89. doi:10.15640/jibf.v3n2a8
• Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th edi.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Shanmugam, R., &Chattamvelli, R. (2015). Statistics for Scientist and Engineers.John Wiley & Sons. (pp.89-110).
• Simon,M.K.(2011).Cunductingpilotstudies.Dissertationandscholarlyresearch: Recipes for success. Seattle, WA: Dessetation Success,LLC.
• Tse, S., & Tung, V. W. S. (2022). Measuring the valence and intensity of residents’ behaviors in host–tourist interactions: implications for destination image and destination competitiveness. Journal of Travel Research, 61(3), 565-580.
• Tan, W. K., Lee, Y. S., & Chua, B. L. (2018). Gastronomic tourism in Malaysia: Between the nostalgia for tradition and the urge for modernity. Tourism Management Perspectives,
• Tudoran, A. A. (2022). A machine learning approach to identifying decision-making styles for managing customer relationships. Electronic Markets, 32(1), 351-374.
• Tlabela, K. R. U., Douglas, A., & Fairer-Wessels, F. A. (2022). Generating opportunities for tourism businesses through information exchanges with visitor information centres in South Africa.
• Umedovna, T. K., &Oktyamovna, A. S. (2021). Planning and management of gastronomy tourism in the territory. ResearchJet Journal of Analysis and Inventions, 2(04), 237-242.
• Ullah, N., Khan, J., Saeed, I., Zada, S., Xin, S., Kang, Z., & Hu, Y. (2022). Gastronomic Tourism and Tourist Motivation: Exploring Northern Areas of Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7734.
• Ulker-Demirel, E., & Ciftci, G. (2020). A systematic literature review of the theory of planned behavior in tourism, leisure and hospitality management research. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 209-219
• Viana-Lora, A., Nel-lo-Andreu, M. G., & Anton-Clavé, S. (2022). Advancing a framework for social impact assessment of tourism research. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14673584221105007.
• Vukolic, D., Gajić, T., & Penic, M. (2022). The effect of social networks on the development of gastronomy–the way forward to the development of gastronomy tourism in Serbia. Journal of Tourism Futures, (ahead-of-print).
• Valentina, D., Turgarini, D., &Indriastri, I. I. (2021). The effect of internet marketing and electronic word of mouth of Sundanese gastronomy tourism on tourist visit motivation to Bandung. In Promoting Creative Tourism: Current Issues in Tourism Research (pp. 771-776). Routledge.
• Wondirad, A., Kebete, Y., & Li, Y. (2021). Culinary tourism as a driver of regional economic development and socio-cultural revitalization: Evidence from Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100482.
• Wan, Y. K. P., & Choi, S. H. (2022). Food Tourists and Food Image in a Creative City of Gastronomy in Macao, China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 18(2), 376-396.
• Wardana, I., GdeSukaatmadja, I. P., &Setini, M. (2022). Formulation of Business Strategies to Improve Business Performance by SWOT and SQSPM Approach in Era Pandemic: A Study on Culinary MSMEs. Quality-Access to Success, 23(188).
• Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2022). Differences between the formation of tourism purchase intention and the formation of actual behavior: A meta-analytic review. Tourism Management, 91, 104527.
• Wu, G., & Liang, L. (2020). Examining the effect of potential tourists’ wine product involvement on wine tourism destination image and travel intention. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-16
• Watt, James H & Berg, S. A. (2002). Research method for communication science [e-book]. Retrieved from http://ciosmail.cios.org:3375/readbook/rmcs/ch07.pdf
• Yang, P., Xu, H., & Hannam, K. (2022). A touristic habitation: automobilities of Chinese driving tourists. Tourism Geographies, 1-21.
• Yang, Y., Fan, Y., Jiang, L., & Liu, X. (2022). Search query and tourism forecasting during the pandemic: When and where can digital footprints be helpful as predictors?. Annals of Tourism Research, 93, 103365.
• Yu, P., Tang, H., Zuo, D., & Mahendran, R. (2022). The Growing Importance of Gastronomy Tourism in China. In Gastronomy, Hospitality, and the Future of the Restaurant Industry: Post-COVID-19 Perspectives (pp. 19-47). IGI Global.
• Yodchim, S., & Bousri, A. (2022). The Impact Of Street Food Tourism Routes To Promote Tourism On Consumer Purchasing Decision Trends On Consumer Consumption Trips In The Northern Bangkok Area. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7367-7372.
• Yuan, Y., Chan, C. S., Eichelberger, S., Ma, H., &Pikkemaat, B. (2022). The effect of social media on travel planning process by Chinese tourists: the way forward to tourism futures. Journal of Tourism Futures.
• Zhan, L., Zeng, X., Morrison, A. M., Liang, H., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2022). A risk perception scale for travel to a crisis epicentre: Visiting Wuhan after COVID-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 150-167.
• Zhu, H., & Deng, F. (2020). How to influence rural tourism intention by risk knowledge during COVID-19 containment in China: Mediating role of risk perception and attitude. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(10), 3514.
• Zhang, Q., Lu, L., Huang, J., & Zhang, X. (2022). Uneven development and tourism gentrification in the metropolitan fringe: A case study of Wuzhen Xizha in Zhejiang Province, China. Cities, 121, 103476.
• Zhou, T., Song, Y., & Zhou, P. (2022). Continued use intention of travel apps: from the perspective of control and motivation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 34(6), 703-716.
• Zaman, M., Hasan, R., & Shams, S. M. (2022). Impact of Big Data on Tourism and Hospitality: Challenges and Organisational Adaptation. In Business Under Crisis, Volume II (pp. 185-202). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
• Zikmund, W. G. (2003). Business Research Methods (7 Edition). South-Western Publishing. pp. 54, 55, 65, 402, 738.
License
Copyright (c) 2024 DINA AHMED MOHAMMED, AHMAD ALBATTAT, NORHIDAYAH AZMAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Individual articles are published Open Access under the Creative Commons Licence: CC-BY 4.0.
